| Word or Term |
Meaning |
| Acquorea |
protein secreted by the jellyfish, Acquorea acquorea which emits a blue light; Useful for optical examination of cells. |
| Acirid |
Soviet air-to-air missile (AA-6) radar guide or with infrared homing on MIG-25s since 1975. |
| Acridine |
colorless crystalline compound [C13H9N] occurring in coal tar and used especially in dye compounds and pharmaceuticals |
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| Acrolein |
suffocating volatile liquid [CH2=CHCHO] obtained by the decomposition of glycerol (propan-1,2,3-triol) and used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products |
| Actinospectin |
broad spectrum antibiotic drug obtained from soil fungus used in treating penicillin resistant veneral diseases |
| Acetaldehyde |
colorless volatile liquid [CH3CHO]. It can be made by oxidizing ethyl alcohol. It boils at 21ºC with a pungent, fruity smell. |
| Acetaminophen |
[CH3CONH6C6H4OH] is a pain- & fever- relieving drug |
| Acetanilide |
[C6H5NHCOCH3] is an analgesic and mild antiseptic that causes toxic symptoms with prolonged used. |
| Acetate |
salt or ester of acetic acid |
| acetatic acid |
colorless, pungent liquid acid [CH3COOH] that is the chief acid of vinegar |
| Acetohexamide |
[C10H20N2O4S] is the drug of oral treatment of diabetes |
| Acetone |
[CH3COCH3] is commonly used as a solvent for organic compounds especially in the production of rayon cellulose acetate. It is colorless and volatile. |
| Acetylcholine |
a compound [(CH3)3N(CH2OOCCH3)OH] at the synapses of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
| Cocain |
an alkaloid [C17H21O4N] got from coca leaves |
| Chlorambucic |
nitrogen mustard used in treatment of leukemia and Hogkin’s disease. Marketed as Leukeran. [C14H19Cl2NO2] |
| Chlordiazepoxide |
[C16H14CIN3O] tranquilizer used in treatmetn of alcoholism and mental disorders. Marked as Librium. |
| Chlorpromazine |
[C17H19CIN2S] antipsychotic depressant drug developed as anti-emetic and useful in treating radiation sickness and signs of carcinoma. Marked as Thorazin. |
| Chlorprompamide |
[C10H13CIN2O3S] used in treatment of hypoglyceamia. Marketed as Diabinese. |
| Trichlorophenol |
[C6H2Cl3OH] toxic bactericide and fungicide used as a defoliant |
| Trichlorofor |
[C4H8Cl3O4P] compound used in agricultural insecticides and as vermicide |
| Chlormedren |
oral diuretic used in treatment of oedema and kidney diseases. Marketed as Neohydrin |
| Chloroacetophenone |
[C8H7ClO] used as tear gas |
| Chloramphenicol |
antibiotic got from soil microorganisms and used in treatments of certain diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, rickettsia especially typhoid fever |
| Dioxin |
poisonous impurity in some herbicides |
| DPA |
[C3H5O9P2] element in oxidation reduction used in photosynthesis, fermentation and conversion of lactose to lactic acid |
| Dipyridamole |
used to increase coronary blood to relieve angina pain |
| Dimethoate |
[C5H12NO3PS2 organophosphorus insecticide used to protect livestock |
| DMH |
[(CH3)2NNH2] high energy propellant used in rockets |
| dihydroxyacetone |
[C3H6O3] compound used to produce an artificial tan and contained in fungicides and plasticizers and also called dihydropropane. |
| Collagen |
gluey protein found in vertebrates. Forms of principal substance in connecting fibers and tissues and in bones hydrolizing to gelatin when boiled in water |
| Colestipol |
drug used to decrease serum cholesterol and the lipid level by removing bile acids from the intestines |
| Amantadine hydrochloride |
[C10H17N] synthetic chemical used to inhibit cell penetration used to protect against Parkinson’s disease and Asian influenza. |
| Quinidine |
[C20H24N2O2] cardiac depressant with actions similar to quinine in malaria. Marketed as cardioquinine or Quinalglute |
| Quinine |
an alkaloid from the bark of cinchona tree and used as a febrifuge (anti-fever/antifebrile) in antimalarial treatment |
| LSD |
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, a crystalline compound that produces hallucinations [C10H10N2 CON(C2 H5)2] |
| L-tryptophan |
an amino acid that stimulates the production of serotonin, a hormone affecting sleep. |
| Luciferin |
a pigment found in luminiferous organisms e.g. fireflies which gives out light in its oxidation by luciferase |
| MIG-21 |
USSR twin engine jet missile launching fighter plane with speed of Mach 2.1, ceiling above 3000ft, two infra red homing missiles, two rocket packs and 57-mm rockets |
| MIG – 25 |
(NATO Name: Foxbat) USSR twin engine jet missile launching plane with speed of Mach 2.8, ceiling of 80 000 ft, capable of carrying 4 400 lbs. Most potent weapon in USSR arsenal |
| MIG – 27 |
USSR single engine jet fighter plane with 6 barrel Gatling gun, laser range finder, five pylons for carrying external missiles or equipment |
| MIG – 10 |
USSR single engine jet fighter plane with approximate speed of Mach 1 with twin barrel Gatling gun, two pylons for fighter equipment |
| Cimetidine |
[C10H16N6S] histamine preceptor antagonist used in treating duodenal ulcers; Market as Tagamet. |
| Cifox |
facsimile communication device that scrambles input and reassembles output |
| Drinamyl |
drug containing a barbiturate and an amphetamine (commonly called ‘purple heart’) |
| Sodium pump |
an intramembranous transport system that expels selected sodium through a membrane while concentrating potassium within a cell, utilizing energy from hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP0 |
| sodium silicate |
got by melting silica with a sodium compound; used in detergents |
| sodium stearate |
[C17H35COONa] with sodium palmitate, it is the basis of soaps and detergents used for laundry, cosmetics, toothpaste, etc |
| sodium thiosulfate |
[Na2S2.5H2O] a salt of the above used in photography as a fixing agent |
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| sodium palmitate |
[NaC16H31O2] |
| Picloram |
[C6H3Cl3N2O2 persistent defoliation herbicide used in Vietnam |
| Picoline |
any of the 3 isomeric bases [C6H7N] derived from pyridine and occurring in bones and coal tar; Colorless liquids with a strong smell and used as a sedative. |
| Picoline |
[C5H4N(CH3)] solvent for chemical synthesis used to make nicotinic acid and for fabric water proofing |
| Piconarvirus |
group of ether-resistant RNA viruses that include those causing poliomyelitis, Coxsackie foot-and-mouth disease and encephalomyocarditis |
| Picrate |
salt or ester of picric acid |
| Picric acid |
bitter yellow crystalline acid [C6H2NO3)3OH] used as a dye in explosives |
| Picrite |
blackish-green igneous rock largely composed of augite and olivine |
| Pilocarpine |
an alkaloid derived from jaborandi. It is used to contract the pupil of the eye e.g. in counteracting the effects of atropine. |
| Polypropylene |
[C3H5] a thermoplastic resin that’s a moisture resistant hard tough plastic used to make moulded objects in plates fibers, film, rope and toys |
| Polysaccharide |
one of a class of carbohydrates which are decomposable by hydrolysis into 2 or more molecules of monosaccharides and which include the oligosaccharides of complex and ofter indeterminate structure eg. glucose, starch, cellulose |
| Polysorbates |
group of fatty acid esters used as emulsifying, dispersing and solubilizing agents in production of certain foods and drugs |
| Polyunsaturate |
an oil or fatty acid containing more than one double or triple bond and therefore, cholesterol-defensive e.g. certain fish and vegetable oils |
| Polyvinyl acetal |
any of several thermoplastic resins made by condensing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde and used chiefly in molded products and adhesives |
| Polyvinyl acetate |
polymer of vinyl acetate |
| Butyric acid |
colorless syrupy liquid acid [C3H7C OOH] found in rancid butter |
| methadone |
powerful synthetic analgesic drug used as a substitute for morphine or heroine (6-dimethylamine-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone) |
| pyridine |
colorless, volatile odorous liquid base got from dry distillation of bone oil and coal tar used as a solvent and in chemical manufacture |
| pyrosis |
burning sensation in lower part of chest with eructation of watery fluid, heartburn and waterbrash |
| pyroxene |
mineral composed of silicates especially calcium and magnesium, a common component of igneous rocks |
| pyroxylin |
cellulose nitrate soluble in ether and alcohol to form collodion and used as a basis of lacquers, artificial leather, etc |
| quassia |
S. American especially Surinam tree (Quassia amara) wood, bark or root of this yielding bitter medicinal tonic and insecticide [f. G. Quassi, 18th Surinam negro] |
| quebracho |
S. American tree (especially Aspidosperma quebracho) yielding very hard timber and medicinal bark used as tonic to aid respiration |
| kainite |
hydrated magnesium and potassium chloride and sulphate used as a fertilizer |
| coquito |
Chilean tree yielding palm honey and fibre |
| kieselguhr |
diatomaceous earth used for polishing and as absorbent of nitroglycerine in manufacturing of dynamite |
| lysol |
mixture of cresols and soft soap used as a disinfectant |
| liquorice |
black substance used in medicine and as sweetmeat made from root of leguminous plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra |
| tourmaline |
boron aluminum silicate mineral of various colors possessing unusual electric properties and used as a gem |
| thymol |
white crystalline phenol got from oil of thyme and used as an antiseptic |
| Meerschaum |
hydrated magnesium silicate found in soft white clumps; found chiefly in Turkey |
| tannin |
any of several astringent substances got from oak galls and various tree barks used in preparing leather and making ink |
| albuminoid |
complex proteing forming frame work of organs and tissue of animals and plants |
| aldrin |
white crystalline chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide |
| murrhine |
of precious substance called murra; murrhine glass – modern delicate glassware from the East with colored metal particles in it |
| muscarine |
poisonous alkaloid from fungus (Amanita muscaris) |
| myrobalan |
astringent plumlike fruit of E. Indian tree of genus Temnalia used in ink, dyeing and tanning, etc |
| myrrh |
gum resin from trees of genus Commiphora used in perfumery, medicine and incense |
| olibanum |
aromatic gum resin from tree of genus Boswellia, used as incense |
| orpiment |
arsenic trisulphide as mineral formerly used as yellow dye and as artist’s pigment |
| paregoric |
camphorated tincture of opium used as analgesic |
| pareira |
drug from root of Brazilian shrub used as a diuretic |
| pipa |
toad of genus Pipa, female of which carries eggs and tadpoles on her back |
| natterjack |
species of toad (Bufo calamita) with yellow stripes down back and running instead of hopping |
| santonin |
extract of santonica used as an anti-helminthic |
| santonica |
species of wormwood (Artemisia pauciflora) |
| tắcamahăc |
gum resin from tropical American tree especially of genus Bursera or Protium; resin of balsam poplar |
| tamarind |
(tropical tree, Tamarindus indica) fruit whose acid pulp is used in making coloring or medicinal drinks |
| tarragon |
plant (Artemisia dracunculus) allied to wormwood with leaves used for flavouring salads etc and in making vinegar |
| teak |
(originally E. Indian tree, Tectona grandis) used in shipbuilding which does not warp or shrink |
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| lycopodium |
fire powder from spores of Lycopod, club moss especially of genus Lycopodium, used as absorbent in surgery and in making fireworks |
| guaiacum |
tropical American tree of genus, Guaiacum, brownish green wood of 2 species of this used in medicine, lignum vitae |
| guanine |
white base obtained from excrement of sea fowls (guano) and found as constituent of DNA |
| nicotine |
poisonous alkaloid extracted as oily liquid from tobacco |
| nicotinic acid |
vitamin of B group, white crystalline derivative of pyridine, formed by oxidation of nicotine and acting to prevent pellagra |
| corundum |
crystallized alumina of various colors with great hardness; used as abrasive and as gems |
| cortisone |
steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthetically, used medicinally against inflammation and allergy (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocortico-sterone) |
| coriander |
annual plant (Coriandrum sativum) of S. Europe etc with aromatic fruit used for flavouring |
| copaiba |
aromatic resin from S. American plants of genus Copaifera, used in medicine and perfumery |
| citronella |
fragramt S. Asian grass (Cymbopogon nardus); oil from it used for keeping insects away |
| chaulmōōgra |
E. Indian tree of various species of family Flacourtiacaeae whose seeds yield an oil formerly used in the treatment of leprosy |
| caraway |
umbelliferous plant; Carum carvi; its seed/fruit used in cakes and as source of oil |
| carbamate |
salt or ester of an amide or carbonic acid CONH2OH |
| camphor |
whitish translucent crystalline volatile substance with aromatic smell and bitter taste, used in pharmacy and as insect repellent |
| neroli |
essential oil from flowers of bitter orange used in perfumery |
| napthalene |
white crystalline substance got in distilling coal tar and used in manufacture of dyes etc and in moth balls |
| m xodĕma |
metabolic disease caused by deficient action of thyroid gland with thickening of subcutaneous tissues and loss of physical and mental energy |
| kinō |
gum of various trees resembling catechu and used in medicine and tanning as astringent |
| kĭnnĭkĭnĭc |
mixture of dried sumac leaves, bark of willow etc as a substitute for tobacco, or mixed with it. |
| Creosote |
colorless oily liquid distilled from wood tar, a strong anti-septic; the oil – a dark brown oil distilled from coal tarr used as a wood preservative |
| cresol |
one of 3 isomeric phenols present in creosote and used as disinfectant |
| camomile |
aromatic composite plant of genus Anthemis or Matricaria with flowers used as tonic |
| catechu |
gambier or similar vegetable containing much tannin |
| celluloid |
plastic made from camphor and cellulose nitrate |
| potassium nitrate |
crystalline compound used in gunpowders, fertilizers and as a preservative for foods [E252] |
| gurjun |
E. Indian tree of genus Dipterocarpus yielding an oleo resin |
| gumma |
morbid growth of gummy tissue in late stage |
| oleum |
concentrated sulfuric acid containing excess sulphur (vi) oxide in solution as oily, corrosive liquid |
| palm rá |
palm ( Borassus flabellifer) grown in India and Sri Lanka with fan shaped leaves used for matting |
| paradichlorobenzene |
white crystalline readily subliming compound used especially against moths |
| reserpine |
alkaloid from plants of genus Rauwolfa used as a tranquilizer and in treatment of hypertension |
| Scheelite |
calcium tungstate in native crystalline form |
| tocopherol |
oily liquid compound of vitamin E group found in seed and fish oil |
| lecithin |
complex fatty substance containing phosphorus and found in egg yolk etc and used to emulsify foods |
| calabash |
gourd whose shell is used in holding liquid and is the fruit of an American tree (tropical) of genus Crescentia |
| phosgene |
colorless poisonous gas (carbon oxychloride) with reference to its original production by/from the action of sunlight on chlorine and carbon monoxide |
| phossy jaw |
gangrene of jaw bone brought about by phosphorus poisoning |
| potash |
alkaline substance (crude potassium carbonate) originally got by leaching vegetable ashes and evaporating the solution in iron pots |
| poultice |
soft mass of bread, bran, kaolin etc usually made with boiling water and spread on muslin etc and applied to sore or inflamed parts |
| pounce |
fine powder formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on unsized paper etc; powdered charcoal etc dusted over perforated pattern to transfer design to object beneath |
| propionic acid |
colorless sharp-smelling liquid [C4H9COOH] found in wood distillation products |
| ptomaine |
any of the various amine compounds in putrefying animal and vegetable matter |
| collodion |
solution of pyroxylin in ether, used in photography and surgery |
| colocynth |
bitter apple, gourd plant with bitter pulped fruit used as purgative drug |
| khamsin |
oppressive hot S or SE wind in Egypt for about 50 days in March, April and May |
| cyclamate |
a sulphamate used as an artificial sweetener |
| cytidine |
crystalline nucleoside got from RNA by hydrolysis |
| cyanocobalamin |
vitamin B12 |
| cyanogen |
colorless inflammable highly poisonous gas |
| cuprammonium |
complex ion of copper and ammonium solutions of which dissolve cellulose |
| curcuma |
turmeric substance used in curry powder, as test for alkalis (curcuma paper, etc) |
| cubeb |
pungent berry of a Javan shrub, Piper cubeba, crushed for use in medicated cigarettes |
| Stavesacre |
species of Larksput (Delphinium stapjosagria) whose emetic seeds are used as poison for vermin |
| stearin |
ester of glycerol and stearic acid especially white crystalline constituent of tallow, etc |
| thoria |
oxide of thorium used in gas mantles |
| terebene |
mixture of turpene prepared by treating oil of turpentine with sulphuric acid, used as expectorant |
| terebinth |
small S. Europian tree (Pistacia terebinthus) yilding turpentine |
| tartar |
pink or red deposit of acid potassium tartrate from completely fermented wine, forming hard crust on side of cask |
| tartar emetic |
potassium antimony tartrate used as mordant in medicine |
| veratrine |
poisonous compound from sabadilla, Mexican plant (Schoenocaulon officinale) used especially as a local irritant in treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism |
| sepia |
black fluid of cuttlefish; brown pigment prepared from this, used in monochrome drawing and in water colors |
| shigella |
aerobic bacterium of genus Shigella, causing dysentery (K. Shiga, Japanese bacteriologist d. 1957) |
| nitroglycerine |
yellowish oily violently explosive liquid made by adding glycerine to a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids |
| niello |
black composition of sulphur with silver, lead or copper, for filling engraved lines in silver or other metals |
| balata |
Central American tree whose dried juice, used as a substitute for gutta percha |
| Condy’s fluid |
strong solution of sodium (per) manganate as disinfectant |
| ferrite |
salt of (hypothetical) acid, H2Fe2O4, often with magnetic and insulating properties; allotrope of pure iron occurring as solvent in low carbon steel. |
| Stilboestrol |
powerful synthetic oestrogen got from stilbene |
| stilbene |
aromatic hydrocarbon forming phosphorescent crystals |
| adipocere |
greyish fatty or soapy substance generated in dead bodies subjected to moisture |
| acromegaly |
excessive growth of hands, feet and face caused by excessive activity of the pituitary gland |
| grindelia |
(Herba grindeliae) used in combating inflammation of air passages |
| Rhizoma cimicifugae |
intensifies action of ephedrine (main active principle of ephedra herb found in China) in diluting the bronchi |
| valconia |
large dried acorn cups of Quercus aegilops, the valonia oal of SW Europe and Asia minor used in tanning and dyeing and making ink |
| valproic acid |
[C8H16O2] a carboxylic derivative used as an anti-convulsive |
| vanadicroid |
exists as catalyst in oxidizing aniline (using sodium chlorate as the oxidizer0 |
| vancomycin |
antibiotic used to combat gram positive Staphylococcic infections |
| xylene |
only 3 isomeric colorless liquid hydrocarbons [C6H4(CH3)2] found in coal tar and resembling toluene |
| Xylose |
a polysaccharide, C5H10O5 found as a constituent of xylan (polysaccharide found in plant cell walls especially in wood, straw, etc) |
| Xanthate |
ROCS.SH – a salt or ester of xanthic acid especially cellulose xanthate used in manufacture of viscose |
| Viscin |
a sticky substance [C10H24O4] got from various plants especially mistletoe berries |
| Vinblastine |
[C40H58O9N4] an alkaloid drug used in treating leukemia and lymphoma |
| vinasse |
liquor remaining when alcoholic liquor is fermented and distilled, used as a source of potassium carbonate |
| benzaldehyde |
[C6H5CHO] colorless liquid smelling of almonds essence |
| benzonin |
crystalline hydroxy ketone [C6H5COCHOHC6H5]a condensation product of benzaldehyde reacting both as a ketone and a secondary alcohol |
| tetraethyl lead |
Pb(C2H5)4 – heavy colorless poisonous liquid added to gasoline to prevent knocking in an internal combustion engine |
| tetrahydrocambinol |
[C27H33O2] phenol derived from hemp resins that provide the chief intoxicant in marijuana |
| tetrahydrozoline |
[C3H16N2] a nasal decongestant |
| phosgene |
carbonyl chloride; colorless poisonous gas with a smell like musty hay used in dyestuff industry and in chemical war fare |
| phorate |
[C7H17O2PS3] toxic biodegradable insecticide used to protect seeds |
| phosgenite |
[Pb2Cl2CO3] a mineral consisting of lead chloride and lead carbonate |
| phosphamidon |
[C10H19CINO5P] organophosphorus insecticide and miticide |
| phosphatase |
any of many enzymes in the body tissues that break down compounds of carbohydrates and phosphates |
| PGA |
[OHCCHOHCH2-OPO3H2] and intermediate product in the metabolism process of carbohydrates |
| phospholipid |
a lipid made up of an ester of phosphoric acid with an alcohol, fatty acid and a nitrogen base e.g. lecithin, sphingomyelin |
| phosphostigmine |
a poisonous alkaloid [C10H21N3O2] used medically for contracting the pupil of the eye obtained from calabar bean. |
| Phyatane |
[C20H42] hydrocarbone resulting from the break down of chlorophyll found as a constituent of fossils 3 billion years old. |
| Ergosterol |
a steroid alcohol found in ergot and the fats of animals from which (by irradiation with ultraviolet rays) vitamin D is produced |
| ergot |
drug made from dried sclerotium of Claviceps which cause the uterine muscles to contract and is used to control bleeding and to assist childbirth by contracting the womb |
| silicone |
any of a large class of polymers of R2SiC where R is a hydrocarbon. Silicones are used as lubricants, as heat resisting resins and varnishes, as water resisting films |
| silica gel |
highly absorbent silica dehumidifier and dehydrating agent; used as a powder insecticide |
| silvesl |
[C6H12O3Cl3] herbicide used especially against weeds in turn aquatic plantings and food crops |
| simazine |
[C7H12N5Cl] toxic herbicide used to control weeks especially for corn, alfalfa, fruit |
| soapwort |
plant (Saponaria officinalis) from Carophyllaceae whose leaves lather when rubbed with water |
| soap bark |
(Quillaya saponaria) A Chilean tree whose bark contains saponin and gives a soapy lather when rubbed in water. It is used in cleaning and emulsifying fluids. |
| Taurine |
crystalline compound [H2NCH2CH2HSO3] occurring especially in the muscle juices of invertebrates |
| tepa |
[C6H12N3OP] compound related to ethylenimine used as an insecticide in flame proofing textiles and in the treatment of some forms of cancer |
| Terbutaline |
[C12H19NO3] bronchodilator used to relieve acute bronchospasm in pulmonary disease (Brethine and Bricany) |
| Saxitoxin |
[C10H17N7O42HCl] non protein poison found in red tide algae and molluscs |
